The most popular are production and trade of alcoholic beverages or tobacco products, mediation in employment, transportation, medical practice, education and construction.
In addition to a license, sometimes you need to obtain other documents - permits, certificates or go through a "notification" procedure (submit an application for capacity registration, declaration, etc.).
It is much cheaper to get a license than to pay a fine for activities without permits. For example, the minimum fine for carrying out activities without obtaining permits and licenses is UAH 17 000, and for mediation in employment abroad without a license – UAH 120 000.